on January 25, 2013
at 9:13 pm
Although
Europe is the birth place and spiritual home of graphene, it has long
been recognised that the continent is losing the race to commercialise
the material.
A recent report on the distribution of patents relating to graphene
has shown that China and America now lead the field. Cambridge IP, a
company with a long standing interest in the graphene industry, claim
that UK businesses and universities produced only 54 patents by the end
of 2012; whereas China was responsible for 40x this amount, and the US
approximately 30x as many.
However, this seeming loss of momentum is hopefully about to be
forestalled. Announcements from the UK government and the European
Commission promise large sums of investment in the graphene industry
which will bolster the micro economy in nanomaterials and enable
European businesses to regain their foothold.
The funding promised by the European Commission, which amounts to a
not insignificant half a billion Euros, is the result of a two and a
half year Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) contest.
The bid, led by Professor Kinaret, includes over a hundred European
research groups, among them the Nobel prize winners Andre Geim,
Konstantin Novoselov, Albert Fert and Klaus von Klitzing; with such a
strength in the consortium there can be no doubt that this is a
concerted attempt to wrest back the initiative for Europe.
Feeding into the economy over a ten year period, the money has been
awarded to the Graphene programme led by theoretical physicist Jari
Kinaret at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. An
initial award of 54 million Euros will be made over the next 30 month in
order to ramp up the current levels of research and development.
Speaking of how industry is central to the Eurpeon intiative, Professor Kinaret has commented,
“The involvement of industry can be divided into three
elements. There is a management component, where three of the nine seats
on our strategic advisory council are filled by the industrial sector
in the form of Nokia, Airbus and Texas Instruments. Then there is a
larger group of companies who are research partners and who account for
at least 14 percent of the total budget; a figure which could increase
to almost 30 percent after open applications have been received.
Thirdly, there is a group of companies who want to monitor development
but are not persuaded that the technology is mature enough yet for them
to enter the field themselves in terms of research. These include AB
Volvo and Autoliv.
The whole idea is that academia and business will work better
together. In Europe we are strong in research, but up to now we have
been less successful in deriving financial benefit from research than
our counterparts in Asia and the USA… This is commonly referred to as
the European paradox. This is what our flagship is trying to address. If
we succeed, the entire “European fleet” will benefit.
The most rapid breakthroughs will be seen in the field of printable
and flexile electronics. The advantages in this field are huge compared
with existing technology. It is estimated that the market will be worth
USD 60 billion a year by 2020, of which more than half will be in
flexible electronics. In the USA, graphene is already being used in
packaging material which alerts when someone tries to break it open.”
The support coming from the European Commission is only one of the
fronts on which the graphene industry is being financed. As commented on
in earlier articles, the UK government is also pledging its support by
way of a £21 million package of investment that will see several
universities benfiting.
Receiving the lion’s share of the money is
Cambridge University, who
have today announced the construction of a £12 million
specialist
research centre. The Cambridge team of scientists are involved in
researching graphene flexible electronics and opto-electronics, which
could include things like touch-screens and other display devices.
And you wil not have to wait long for the work at the Cambridge
Graphene Centre to commence; it is planned that the centre will start
its activities on February 1
st 2013, with a dedicated facility due to open at the end of the year.
Professor Andrea Ferrari, who will be the Centre’s Director, said:
“We are now in the second phase of graphene research,
following the award of the Nobel Prize to Geim and Novoselov. That means
we are targeting applications and manufacturing processes, and
broadening research to other two-dimensional materials and hybrid
systems. The integration of these new materials could bring a new
dimension to future technologies, creating faster, thinner, stronger,
more flexible broadband devices.”
The centre will initially focus on improving the chemical vapour
deposition production of graphene and will hopefully open up a wide
avenue of possibility in terms of future devices and applications.
The remainder of the investment coming from the UK is to be divided
amongst the other universities. Imperial College London will receive
over £4.5m to investigate aerospace applications of graphene whilst the
other successful projects are based at Durham University, the University
of Manchester, the University of Exeter and Royal
Holloway.
The universities will themselves contribute about £2m to the overall
effort, and will work with industrial
partners including Nokia (NYSE:
NOK) , BAE Systems (LSE: BA.L), Procter & Gamble(LSE: PG),
Qinetiq(LSE: QQ), Rolls-Royce (LSE: RR.L), Dyson (LSE: DYS), Sharp
(6753.T) and Philips Research (NYSE: PHG)- the pooled resources of which
will add a further £12m in investment.
Clearly, the strategic response within Europe to the paradox of under
commercialisation will take several years to bear fruit. Whether the
response to the growth of the graphene industry has been swift enough
will be decided, to some extent, by the speed with which Europe manages
to claw its way back up the table of world patents. Whatever happens,
Europe government, and a small clique of European companies, have nailed
their colours to the mast of the graphene industry. The potential of
the material is obvious, all we need to do know is make it pay.
Sources:
Cambridge University
Nature
Chalmers University
BBC